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<img class="aligncenter" src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2021/what-happens-in-the-br-1.jpg"
alt="What happens in the brain during fear learning?"
title="Fig. 1 Schematic depiction of the experimental paradigm and SCR results. (A) Trial structure and timeline for a single CS trial. The visual stimulus was presented for 4000 ms followed by an 8000- to 10,000-ms intertrial interval. A 15-ms electric stimulation (US) occurred at the end of 50% of all CS+ trials. (B) Depiction of electrode contact localizations in amygdala, standard amoxicillin dosage strep vmPFC, and dmPFC for all 13 patients superimposed on a semitransparent MNI152 brain (as viewed from the left side). (C) Means (±SEM) CS-evoked SCRs during late acquisition over all patients (Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, P = 0.04). *P < 0.05. Credit: DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf4198 ” width=”800″ height=”298″>
A team of researchers affiliated with multiple institutions in China and one in Germany has learned more about what happens in the brain when a person experiences fear by studying data from probes placed deep in the brains of epileptic patients. The paper is published in Science Advances.
Much research has been conducted to learn more about what happens to the body when a person experiences fear—the heart rate picks up, for example, and quite often, people start to sweat. But much less is known about what goes on in the brain during such experiences. This is because the mechanisms involved lie deep inside the brain, where it is difficult to get brain wave readings. In this new effort, the researchers overcame that difficulty by recruiting epileptic patients fitted with brain probes; the subjects completed a fear learning task.
Prior research has shown that in the brain, fear appears to originate in the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), so that was where the researchers focused. To learn more about what happens in those brain regions, the researchers showed the volunteers a square on a computer screen. At random moments, a shock to the wrist would accompany the display of a colored square, teaching the volunteer to fear that color square. The same volunteers then looked at the square again after their probes were in place.
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