tablet ventolin

A Dutch-German research team examined warning signs for chronification of pain after surgery. The most important risk factors were found to be skeletal surgery, preoperative opioid use, buy online bactrim au no prescription pain lasting two weeks after surgery and perceiving cold stimuli as painful.

In most cases, surgical pain disappears after a few days—but in some patients chronic pain can develop, which can become seriously debilitating. A well-known example is phantom pain after amputations, but chronic pain can also develop after many other types of surgeries.

In a study now published in the British Journal of Anaesthesia, a Dutch-German research group investigated whether there are early warning signs of such chronification, which would enable those affected to be identified early so that preventive measures could be initiated.

For this purpose, the group developed an early warning score on a collective of 344 patients having various operations. In addition, however, the validity of the score was checked in a second group from another institution—this effort characterizes the methodological quality of the study.

In addition to risk factors such as bone surgery and preoperative opioid use, two factors in particular stood out: If patients still complained of pain 14 days after an operation, but especially if they reported a painful cold sensation, the risk of chronification three months after the operation was significantly increased. “A painful cold sensation is an indication that the pain-processing system is dysfunctional,” says Marjelle van Driel, first author of the study, who carried out the work together with Mienke Rijsdijk at the University Hospitals of Utrecht and Rotterdam.

Source: Read Full Article