Insomnia is a condition in which it is difficult to get to sleep, or to remain soundly asleep, resulting in too short and too low-quality sleep which affects normal functioning. It causes fatigue and daytime sleepiness. It may be classified as acute, lasting a few days or weeks, allied race wheels or chronic, when it lasts longer than a month. […]
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Despite having a low occurrence rate, Listeria monocytogenes represents one of the most prominent foodborne pathogens in the world. This opportunistic gram-positive bacillus is able cross three host barriers: the intestinal, blood-brain and placental. Unlike most other foodborne pathogens, Listeria can successfully grow in food with fairly low moisture content and high salt concentration. Fecal carriage and serologic assessment indicate […]
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There are several causes of joint pain that range from injuries, infections, inflammation to severe degenerative systemic or whole body disorders. Some of the causes may be classified as:- Those leading to single joint pain or monoarticular pain Those leading to more than one joint pain or polyarticular pain Those leading to musculoskeletal emergencies mandating immediate attention Back pain Non-specific […]
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LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis) is a surgery that uses a laser to reshape the cornea of the eye. The procedure is performed in an outpatient surgical setting, with the patient reclining under a surgical device called an excimer laser. The general aim of the procedure is an improvement in the uncorrected visual acuity, thus everyday tasks in life can […]
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An ophthalmologist is a medical physician who has undertaken a specialization in the structure, function and health of the eye. This training allows them to perform complex microsurgery in the treatment of eye diseases. The essential steps involved in the education and training required to become an ophthalmologist are outlined below. Although there are some differences depending on the country […]
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Primary or idiopathic hypersomnia is usually a chronic condition that does not resolve spontaneously, involving excessive sleepiness during the day the day that is not relieved by naps. Many patients find that adequate treatment for the condition helps to reduce symptoms of excessive sleepiness during the day and improve their overall quality of life. The optimal treatment of hypersomnia depends […]
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Oseltamivir is an antiviral drug used in the treatment and prophylaxis of both influenza virus A and influenza virus B. It was approved for seasonal influenza by US Food and Drug Administration in 1999, and approval from Japanese agencies and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) followed soon afterwards. The pharmaceutical company Roche launched oseltamivir in the global market with Tamiflu […]
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Individuals with Down syndrome suffer from several health problems as a result of their condition. While these problems may only be mild in some individuals, others experience more severe health conditions and require special medical care and support. Some of the health problems often faced by individuals with Down syndrome are described below. Heart disorders Around half of all babies […]
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For all living organisms, genetic information is encoded by DNA. Studying DNA can lead to important insights about biology. However, other types of nucleic acid also perform important functions in a cell. Credit: unoL/Shutterstock.com RNA is the molecule used to carry information from the DNA code to the ribosomes for translation. The type of RNA molecule that is used for […]
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The respiratory system in humans is formed from an outfolding of the primitive gut in the fetus. This evagination appears in the first month, from the ventral side of the esophagus towards the cephalic end. It is pinched off completely by the growth of the tracheoesophageal folds on each side to meet in the center as the tracheoesophageal septum, except […]
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